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<p>In <a href="Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>, <b>structured cabling</b> is building or campus cabling <a href="Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> that consists of a number of standardized smaller elements (hence structured) called subsystems. Structured cabling components include <a href="Twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">twisted pair</a> and <a href="Fiber-optic_cable" title="Fiber-optic cable">optical cabling</a>, <a href="Patch_panel" title="Patch panel">patch panels</a> and <a href="Patch_cable" title="Patch cable">patch cables</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>Structured cabling is the design and installation of a cabling system that will support multiple hardware uses and be suitable for today's needs and those of the future. With a correctly installed system, current and future requirements can be met, and hardware that is added in the future will be supported.<sup id="cite_ref-nmcabling_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmcabling-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Structured cabling design and installation is governed by a set of standards that specify wiring <a href="Data_center" title="Data center">data centers</a>, <a href="Office" title="Office">offices</a>, and <a href="Apartment_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment building">apartment buildings</a> for data or voice communications using various kinds of cable, most commonly <a href="Category_5e" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 5e">Category 5e</a> (Cat 5e), <a href="Category_6_cable" title="Category 6 cable">Category 6</a> (Cat 6), and <a href="Fiber-optic_cabling" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber-optic cabling">fiber-optic cabling</a> and <a href="Modular_connector" title="Modular connector">modular connectors</a>. These standards define how to lay the <a href="Telephone_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone cable">cabling</a> in various <a href="Network_topology" title="Network topology">topologies</a> in order to meet the needs of the customer, typically using a central <a href="Patch_panel" title="Patch panel">patch panel</a> (which is often mounted in a <a href="19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">19-inch</a> <a href="Cabinet_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet (computer)">rack</a>), from where each modular connection can be used as needed. Each outlet is then patched into a <a href="Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switch</a> (normally also rack-mounted) for network use or into an IP or PBX (<a href="Private_branch_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Private branch exchange">private branch exchange</a>) telephone system patch panel.

</p><p>Lines patched as data ports into a network switch require simple <a href="Straight-through_patch_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-through patch cable">straight-through patch cables</a> at each end to connect a computer. Voice patches to PBXs in most countries require an adapter at the remote end to translate the configuration on 8P8C modular connectors into the local standard <a href="Telephone_plug" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone plug">telephone wall socket</a>. In North America no adapter is needed for certain uses: With ports wired in the preferred standard <a href="T568A" class="mw-redirect" title="T568A">T568A</a> pattern, for the 6P2C plugs most commonly used for single-line phone equipment (e.g. with <a href="RJ11" class="mw-redirect" title="RJ11">RJ11</a>), and 6P4C plugs used for two-line phones without power (e.g. with <a href="RJ14" class="mw-redirect" title="RJ14">RJ14</a>) and single-line phones with power (again RJ11), telephone connections are physically and electrically compatible with the larger <a href="8P8C" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C">8P8C</a> socket, but with ports wired as <a href="T568B" class="mw-redirect" title="T568B">T568B</a>, which is common but often in violation of the standard, only the first pair, i.e. <i>line 1</i>, works.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="RJ25" class="mw-redirect" title="RJ25">RJ25</a> and <a href="RJ61" class="mw-redirect" title="RJ61">RJ61</a> connections are physically but not electrically compatible, and cannot be used. In the United Kingdom, an adapter must be present at the remote end as the <a href="BS_6312" class="mw-redirect" title="BS 6312">6-pin BT socket</a> is physically incompatible with 8P8C.

</p><p>It is common to color-code patch panel cables to identify the type of connection, though structured cabling standards do not require it except in the demarcation wall field.

</p><p>Cabling standards require that all eight conductors in Cat 5e/6/6A cable be connected.

</p><p>IP phone systems can run the telephone and the computer on the same wires, eliminating the need for separate phone wiring.

</p><p>Regardless of copper cable type (Cat 5e/6/6A), the maximum distance is <span class="nowrap">90 m</span> for the permanent link installation, plus an allowance for a combined <span class="nowrap">10 m</span> of patch cords at the ends.

</p><p>Cat 5e and Cat 6 can both effectively run <a href="Power_over_Ethernet" title="Power over Ethernet">power over Ethernet</a> (PoE) applications up to <span class="nowrap">90 m</span>. However, due to greater power dissipation in Cat 5e cable, performance and power efficiency are higher when Cat 6A cabling is used to power and connect to PoE devices.<sup id="cite_ref-nmcabling_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmcabling-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsystems">Subsystems</h2></div>

<p>Structured cabling consists of six subsystems:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><i>Entrance facilities</i> is the point where the <a href="Telephone_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone company">telephone company</a> network ends and connects with the <a href="On-premises_wiring" title="On-premises wiring">on-premises wiring</a> belonging to the customer.</li>

<li><i>Equipment rooms</i> house equipment and wiring consolidation points that serve the users inside the building or campus.</li>

<li><i>Backbone cabling</i> is the inter-building and intra-building cable connections in structured cabling between entrance facilities, equipment rooms and telecommunications closets. Backbone cabling consists of the transmission media, main and intermediate cross-connects and terminations at these locations. This system is mostly used in <a href="Data_center" title="Data center">data centers</a>.</li>

<li><i>Horizontal cabling</i> wiring can be standard inside wiring (IW) or <i><a href="Plenum_cabling" class="mw-redirect" title="Plenum cabling">plenum cabling</a></i> and connects telecommunications rooms to individual outlets or work areas on the floor, usually through the wireways, conduits or ceiling spaces of each floor. A <i>horizontal cross-connect</i> is where the horizontal cabling connects to a patch panel or <a href="Punch-down_block" title="Punch-down block">punch-down block</a>, which is connected by backbone cabling to the main distribution facility.</li>

<li><i>Telecommunications rooms</i> or <i>telecommunications enclosure</i> connects between the backbone cabling and horizontal cabling.</li>

<li><i>Work-area components</i> connect end-user equipment to outlets of the horizontal cabling system.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2></div>

<p>Network cabling standards are used internationally and are published by ISO/IEC, CENELEC and the <a href="Telecommunications_Industry_Association" title="Telecommunications Industry Association">Telecommunications Industry Association</a> (TIA). Most European countries use CENELEC, <a href="International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (IEC) or <a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) standards. The main CENELEC document is EN50173, which introduces contextual links to the full suite of CENELEC documents. <a href="ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">ISO/IEC 11801</a> heads the ISO/IEC documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-whatis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whatis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US, the Telecommunications Industry Association issue the <a href="ANSI/TIA-568" title="ANSI/TIA-568">ANSI/TIA-568</a> standards for telecommunications cabling in commercial premises.

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<ul><li><a href="110_block" title="110 block">110 block</a></li>

<li><a href="American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">American National Standards Institute</a> (ANSI)</li>

<li><a href="Registered_jack" title="Registered jack">Registered jack</a>, a set of standards for telecommunications cabling termination (including RJ11, RJ15, and RJ45)</li>

<li><a href="Telecommunication_cabling" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication cabling">Telecommunication cabling</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some jack manufacturers warn that their jacks are not designed to accept smaller plugs without damage. See <a href="Modular_connector#Interchangeability" title="Modular connector">Modular connector § Interchangeability</a> for more information.</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmcabling.co.uk/data-cabling/data-cabling-faqs/">"Data Cabling FAQs"</a>. <i>Cabling Solutions</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inc-installs.com/cabling/structured-cabling-standards">"Structured Cabling Standards"</a>. Integrated Network Cables. 15 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-whatis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whatis_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.structuredcabling.com/what-is-structured-cabling-2/">"What is Structured Cabling"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tiafotc.org/">Fiber Optics Tech Consortium (FOTC)</a></li></ul>

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<dd><i><a href="Copper_cable_certification" title="Copper cable certification">Copper cable certification</a></i></dd>

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<dd><i><a href="Twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">Twisted pair</a></i></dd></dl>

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